Communism: general characteristics > (16 tot. documents)
"A person normally informed on what happened in the world, can be only, and in the more natural way possible, viscerally anti-communist. The real problem are they who react hysterically, improperly to the natural anti-communism" (Arnold Beichman).
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Communism: Church's Magisterium and Communism > (7 tot. documents)
Two assertions of Magisterium of the Popes summarize the whole Church's teaching concerning Communism: it is a perverted social and political phenomenon whose errors are essentially anthropological ones.
First: there are no aspects of social-communist ideology that are positive ones; communism is intrinsically pernicious.
Second: the social-communist ideology arise from an incorrect anthropology; great consequences on society, State and all the others aspects of men's life result from this wrong conception of the person.
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Communism: Excommunication against communist > (4 tot. documents)
Neither the ferocious polemics that accompanied the news of the excommunication against communist nor the irony with which it is seen today are justified behaviors. The excommunication discloses how the Church had clearly understood the violent nature of communism and had bravely revealed its intrinsic brutality.
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Stephane Courtois, «The Black Book of Communism» > (7 tot. documents)
"Crimes, terror, repression". This was the subtitle of "The Black Book of Communism" printed in France in 1997. The work was the result of a long collective study directed by Stéphane Courtois. The book that documented the enormous human cost of communism was, as in all similar events, was the object of a stong campaign of charges.
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Communism: Vladimir Bukovskij > (6 tot. documents)
“Communism is not a political system...but a mass disease, similar to the pestilence” (Vladimir Bukovskij).
Vladimir Bukovskij (1942-alive) is one of the most famous dissident of Ussr. After having spent years between gulag and psychiatric hospitals (where the intellectuals were detained), Bukovskij reached the West in 1976. Scholar of the Communist system and mentality, Vladimir Bukovskij is a acute and implacable critic of the socialist drifts of European Union.
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Communism: Eugenio Corti and the communism > (9 tot. documents)
Sent to the Russian Front in the Second World War, Eugenio Corti find something frightening in the Ussr: “ That event let me to realize what one thousand five hundred years before St. Austin wrote:or we build the city of God or it is unavoidable that we build the city of this world Prince. So I decided to tell what I had seen”.
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Communism: Russian Revolution > (18 tot. documents)
"All that exists deserves to perish" Engels said. Lenin founded a state that applied this principle.
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Communism: USSR-stalinism > (22 tot. documents)
Nowadays the prevailing idea is that there is opposition between Stalin and the fathers of communism (Marx, Lenin). The propaganda reasons justify this conflict that has no foundation. The Stalinist crimes and the repressive system of the Soviet Union are neither a deviation nor a betrayal of Communism. Stalin is the executor only, as well terror represents the most coherent expression of marxism.
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USSR-stalinism: Ukraine, «Holodomor» > (8 tot. documents)
Between 1932 and 1933 the Soviet regime programmed the extermination of Ukraine through a programmed and artificially made famine. The granary of Europe was transformed into a desert steppe where the survivors did not have the force to bury the dead.
This is the Holodomor (the «mass hunger», the «great hunger»)that caused million of victims and deported convicts and a number of cases of frightening cannibalism. The Communist state subtracted food items as mass destruction weapons of its own people. Because of the forced collectivisation, anyone that wanted to eat was considered guilty
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USSR-stalinism: Persecutions against the Church in Ussr > (8 tot. documents)
"The first aim of USSR was the death of God that, at the same time, is the death of man too" (Nikita Struve).
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USSR-stalinism: Solovki > (2 tot. documents)
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USSR-Stalinism: Aleksandr Solzenicyn > (18 tot. documents)
Whilst the occidental world basked in the myths of '68 produced and feeded by the left intellighentzia, Aleksandr Solzenicyn (1918-2008) wrote surreptitiously «Archipelago Gulag», diary of the life that millions of internees carried out in a huge deportation camp, the largest concentration camp that history never saw.
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USSR-stalinism: Vasilij Grossman > (6 tot. documents)
“Our century holds the State’s capital violence on man” (Vasilij Grossman, 1905-1964)
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USSR-stalinism: Varlam Shalamov > (4 tot. documents)
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War in Spain > (18 tot. documents)
"Nobody that has good faith and good information can deny the horrors of that persecution: for years it was enough the only fact to be Catholic to deserve the death penalty, often very awfully inflicted" (Salvador De Madariaga, though supported republicans).
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2nd World war: Katyn > (13 tot. documents)
In the Katyn forest, a place near the city of Smolensk, in Russia, in the first days of march 1940, Stalin's police massacred thousands of officers of Polish army.
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2nd World war: Eugenio Corti and the campaign in Russia > (4 tot. documents)
“I went to the Russian front to see if really the Communist were more Christian than us, as the maritainian Mounier said. I discovered that the regime had made terrifying things. And I decided that I must tell what I had seen” (Eugenio Corti).
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(4 tot. documents)
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"Resistance": general characteristics > (16 tot. documents)
If the republic began in Loreto square and the Costitution sinks the roots in the blood and in the violences of the 25 of April, then we are really ruined!
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"Resistance": Attack of via Rasella - Massacre of the Fosse Ardeatine > (8 tot. documents)
The attack of via Rasella (23 March 1944) and the following reprisal of the massacre of the Fosse Ardeatine (24 March) has been one most celebrated event of the «Resistance». Today a different hypothesis has been proposed: the attack could have been put into effect to trigger the reprisal and to make any negotiation with germans impossible or even to eliminate political opponents.
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"Resistance": Roberto Beretta, the Resistance and the forgotten deaths > (13 tot. documents)
The massacres of priests and believers made by the "red" partisans just after the war come up again.
Not only Pansa e Mieli: there are several local studies, but the historical analysis of the misdeeds of that period is not yet serene.
Sometimes even Catholics don't remember their martyrs.
(drawn from "Avvenire", 2004)
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"Resistance": Foibe > (12 tot. documents)
The «foibe», that means the pits, the numerous deep natural Karst hollows of which the Italian region of far north east is full. With this term we mean a great and ignored tragedy of italian peoples of the east border victims of communist terror.
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"Resistance": Istria > (9 tot. documents)
"Between 1943 and 1955, it is calculated that roughly 300-350 thousand of inhabitants prefered or was forced to abandon their homes in Istria, Slovenia, Dalmatia and Fiume to seek refuge in Italy. The exodus was caused by a fierce anti-italian policy through the use of threats, intimidations, oppression, dismissals, expropriations, imprisonments, work and internment camps" (Federica Saini Fasanotti).
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The Fifties: italian election 18 april 1948 > (11 tot. documents)
"The world is steady, Italy chooses" (Title of an important newspaper on the eve of 18 april 1948)
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Italian election 1948: Luigi Gedda > (6 tot. documents)
Luigi Gedda (1902-2000) is surely one of the clear personality of the Social Catholic Action. His name is tied to the «Comitati Civici» (Catholic Citizens' committees) that he founded for the election on 18 April 1948, but professor Gedda was a genetist of world-wide renown too.
Gedda, as others, suffered an unfair obscuration because of his anti-communist care, because he was considered a pre-Conciliar Catholic and for his great fidelity to Church.
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Italian election 1948: Giovannino Guareschi > (16 tot. documents)
Giovannino Guareschi (1908-1968)'s pen described with masterly skill and taste Italy of the great opposition between Catholics and Communists. Journalist and humorist writer, Guareschi has to be remembered and esteemed first of all as a free man. Without fear he criticized Communists (that he called «trinariciuti»), but paid with jail the accusations that he moved to De Gasperi.
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Communism in the world: East Europe > (9 tot. documents)
"An iron curtain has descended over the fate of these people and very likely conditions are truly terrible" (Allen Dulles).
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Warsaw Battle (or "Vistula Miracle"), 1920 > (8 tot. documents)
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East Europe: Hungary 1956 > (9 tot. documents)
"At dawn, soviet troops attack Budapest and our people. We pray to let world know the betrayal of which our struggle for freedom has been victim. Our troops are fighting... Help, Help,SOS, SOS, SOS!" (Mti, Hungarian press agency. Last telex arrived to U.N., November 4, 1956, 11:45 pm).
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East Europe: Czechoslovakia 1968 > (10 tot. documents)
August 1968. The armoureds of the Warsaw Pact «friends» nations invaded Czechoslovakia crushing the illusory «Prague Spring». The dream to build a «socialism with the human face» collided with the reality of the socialism that never has «human face».
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East Europe: Poland > (7 tot. documents)
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Communism in the world: "Cold war" > (20 tot. documents)
"...So, in your discussions of the nuclear freeze proposals, I urge you to beware the temptation of pride...the temptation of blithely declaring yourselves above it all and label both sides equally at fault, to ignore the facts of history and the aggressive impulses of an evil empire... and thereby remove yourself from the struggle between right and wrong and good and evil" (Ronald Reagan).
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"Cold war": Ronald Reagan (1911-2004) > (11 tot. documents)
"In the 2,765 days of our administration, not 1 inch of ground has fallen to the Communists" (Republican National Convention - August 15, 1988).
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"Cold war": The Mitrokhin Archive > (7 tot. documents)
In 1992, Vasili Mitrokhin, a Major and senior archivist for the Soviet Union's foreign intelligence service, took refuge in GB and brought with him 300,000 copies of material from the KGB's offices. The Mitrokhin Archive brought to the light the massive and profound ramifications of the Soviet intelligence which strategy was to subdue the West civilization to the Communist fist from the inside, by weakening it through the propaganda of a new moral dictatorship and a penetrating cultural influence on society.
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Communism in the world: China > (19 tot. documents)
China, the most populated Communist country in the world, the most overcrowded lager («Laogai», in Chinese) never existed, is changing into an industrial and commercial machine with endless capability turned to the economic conquest of the world.
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China: Olympiad Beijing 2008 > (5 tot. documents)
“I cannot give up thinking that, while the Olympic games in 1936 were allotted to Hitler without anyone could have imagined the awful events that then occurred, they have been granted to Beijing even if the cruelty of the crimes still now committed in China are well known” (Harry Wu, dissident who spent 19 years in the notorious «laogai»).
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China: Harry Wu > (6 tot. documents)
Harry Wu survived 19 years of work in the notorious «laogai» where he, young communist, was bound together with his family for having criticized the regime. He succeeded in taking refuge in the United States where he began to tell the history of his tragic event and founded the «Laogai Research Foudation».
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China: Mao and the revolution > (6 tot. documents)
More as the «Great Helmsman» - as for a long time the liberal intellectual élites in the West looked at him - Mao Zedong (1893-1976) has to be remembered as the exterminator with the greatest and most infernal result of every time. As a ghost his figure coincides with the story and the stages of the Communist China: from his «Long March» in 1934, the civil war till the proclamation of the Chinese Popular Republic in 1949, the tragic politics of the «Great Jump Forward», in the years Sixties, and the «Cultural Revolution» in the years Seventies.
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Communism in the world: Communism in Asia > (3 tot. documents)
Wherever communism has established itself, produced only crimes. In countries as Cambodia, China, Vietnam, Laos, Burma, North Korea the results are hallucinatory. Communists thought they can turn these countries into anticapitalist paradises and make them to plunge into hell instead .
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Communism in Asia: North Korea > (7 tot. documents)
The image by night from satellite of the two Korea is one of the clearest demonstration of the disaster to which the communism leads. It is not only a metaphor that peoples subdued by communism plunge into darkness: North Korea can't afford lightning and is condemned to gloominess.
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Communism in Asia: Cambodia > (8 tot. documents)
In Cambodia Communism succeeded in realizing its project in a completed way. In that endless hell it is possible to understand what Communism can do when it is free to show itself without finding any resistance.
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Communism in Asia: Burma-Myanmar > (9 tot. documents)
Why the indignation for the cruelty perpetrated by the «dictatorship» in Burma is interrupted when they understand that the Burmese regime is a typical Communist regime? Burma (that the regime called «Myanmar») is ruled by a group of marxist soldiers that promotes a disastrous «Burmese way to socialism», that imposes a rigorously collectivist economy that reduces the Country to hunger.
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Communism in Asia: Vietnam > (9 tot. documents)
The Usa disengagement and the fall of Saigon (1975) were considered as a victory of the peace by an utopian and unconscious West. Vietnam will try the Communist «liberation» represented in a short while by the hopeless escape in see of a whole people (the so called «boat people»).
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Communism in the world: Communism in Latin America > (6 tot. documents)
The communist penetration in Latin America has had a much more romantic vision than in other parts of the world. A truly fascinating revolution has turned bloodthirsty men into heroes. This myth is persistent and still remains in many people's minds.
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Communism in Latin America: Ernesto «Che» Guevara > (11 tot. documents)
“Hatred as an element of struggle, unbending hatred for the enemy, which pushes a human being beyond his natural limitations, making him into an effective, violent, selective, and cold- blooded killing machine” (Ernesto «Che» Guevara, 1928-1967).
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Communism in latin America: Chile > (7 tot. documents)
Salvador Allende soon was transformed into a myth following a very well tested propagandist practice. Really, in Chile the socialist «revolution» of Allende determined the collapse of the economy and the end of the social order.
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Communism in latin America: Cuba > (9 tot. documents)
How unfortunate is that people that to get rid of corruption fall in the arms of oppression and poverty. This fate of Cuba, that passed from Fulgencio Batista's dictatorship to a much more bloody regime: Fidel Castr and his «barbudos» Communism.
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Communism in latin America: Venezuela > (8 tot. documents)
It is really striking how Venezuela slided into Communism. It seems that the sad history of the near Cuba, that, among other things, the regime of Hugo Chavez looks at with the audacious intent of imitation, taught nothing.
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Communism in Latin America: Honduras > (6 tot. documents)
The Honduran constitutional crisis comprises the 28 June 2009 ouster and exile of president Manuel Zelaya. International reaction has been almost universally negative, with widespread condemnation of what the media have presented as a military coup d'état. Oddly enough, Obama’s US has trailed the general condemnation. In actual fact, in Honduras a coup d'état did not occur, rather a legal action to impede that Honduras would become an authoritarian and violent State through Zelaya’s politics which is in the Bolivia, Ecuador, Cuba and Venezuela footsteps.
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Communism in the world: Post-Communism > (12 tot. documents)
Communism is not died because ideology and statalism not only have not been defeated, but find new spaces to affirm themselves. The totalitarism with hammer and sickle is simply replaced, in the political struggle, by the new frontiers of relativism. All the contents of the hate of reality, that hides behind the flag of utopia, remain.
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Post-Communism: Vladimir Putin's Russia > (10 tot. documents)
Russia appears less and less distant from its soviet past. A past not only not rejected, but seen with a sense of regret national greatness. Vladimir Putin, ex officer of the terrifying Kgb, appears to be the effigy of a dangerous return to the Soviet imperialism.
Is it licit to wonder the reason of the different behavior that could occur if the president of Germany would be an ex SS agent, compared with the recognition of the rule that the ex Kgb officer enjoys in the world?
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Italian communism: Italian Communist Party > (11 tot. documents)
In the presence of the huge quantity of historical proves and documentary deeds that at least, even if very slowly, come to the light from the archives of the socialist regimes, the presumed difference between the Italian communism and the other communist experiments in the world -difference that is really difficult to support- is less and less easy to propose.
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Italian Communist Party: the years of Togliatti > (13 tot. documents)
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(5 tot. documents)
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(1 tot. documents)
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Italian Communist Party: the years of Berlinguer > (3 tot. documents)
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Italian communism: Red administrations > (7 tot. documents)
We have to acknowledge that since the times of «cold war» the left has had a special ability to enter the power of local administrations and made Italy a country mostly controlled by PCI (Italian Communist Party. A typically italian anomaly that allows to the opposition powers to exert the real power.
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Italian Radical Left Parties after 1989 > (9 tot. documents)
It is impressive to think about the resistance of the italian supporters of the frightful disgrace happened to mankind. The hammer and sickle symbol would have to frighten and instead that symbol of death is easily boasted without any shame. What would happen if some political party referred to nazism?
Nevertheless in Italy the extreme left parties (for example: Communist Refoundation Party, Italian Communist Party, Democratic Left), indomitable nostalgic of Communism, don't seem to suffer any crisis of consent.
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Italian communism: Cultural hegemony > (16 tot. documents)
"Communism would present itself as center of the european left, so would leave aside all the stalinist revolutionary aspects and would take possession of all the cultural tools. We would have a new totalitarism no more founded on concentration camps but on the complete control of media" (Augusto Del Noce).
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Italian communism: Red economy > (8 tot. documents)
Beside the other great pillars on which stood the power of the "left", the connexion with the world of economy surely is not a fact consolidated only in the last times. The great capital, the great industry tied to the orders of the State, the most aggressive finance always found in the liberal governments (and in the last century in the revolutionary ones too) their more naturale representative.
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Italian communism: Terrorism > (19 tot. documents)
For long time in Italy they didn't want to recognise the nature of the terroristic phenomenon: to connect the concept of terrorism and communism bothered both who told news and the men of culture. They didn't understand, it would be better to say, they didn't want to see that terrorism was born from the union of the myth of «betrayed resistance» and of the culture of «bad masters».
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Red administrations: Antonio Bassolino & Co's Campania > (7 tot. documents)
“Campania has 17.629 administrators in total, for an annual cost of 182 million and 196.121 euro. If we make some very easy counts, it means that in Paris there is a political out of every 16.700 citizens approximately, whilst in Campania the proportion is one political out of every 330 citizens” (Fabrizio De Feo, 2005).
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Red administrations: the red Campania of the garbage emergency > (12 tot. documents)
The so publicized Neapolitan Renaissance? “From greatness to rubbish. From tributes to garbage. From triumph to stink. An emergency that has been continuing since 1996 and has been the pretext to let a river of money to arrive in Campania.
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1968 > (16 tot. documents)
"At the beginning there was the sad Rousseau. But Hannah Arendt is that who understood everything: a nostalgic crowd is ready to totalitarism. «Melancholy memory is the better instrument to forget one's own destiny completely. The premise is that the present is transformed already in a sentimental past. The power and the autonomy of the soul are guaranteed. At the cost of truth that without reality, reality shared with other men, looses every sense». When all senses are lost everything is possible" ("If you want, you can call them emotions", from "Tempi").
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Nineteensixtyeight: Paolo Deotto, "Nineteensixtyeight. A new reading through the memories" > (8 tot. documents)
The «diary» about what happened during the school year 1966/67, notes that come out from the pen of a very careful observer; very careful in those days already, despite the age. Paolo Deotto thinks over nineteensixtyeight again, period of confusion, disturbance and disorders, in «a new reading through the memories». Precious and accurate notes.
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Nineteensixtyeight: Michele Brambilla "Dieci anni di illusioni. Storia del Sessantotto" > (16 tot. documents)
A fundamental, passionate, polemical, "revisionist", provoking, penetrating text; the history of a generation that has tried for ten years to storm the heaven.
"When heaven is empty of God’s presence, land is crowded with idols" (Karl Barth).
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Contemporary Age: Right and Left > (20 tot. documents)
Really, beyond the contingency of the electoral deployments, one time more what we are debating about is what kind of society the political choice discloses or, for the believer, the kind of faith and the idea of Church pointed out from the arrangement or from the popularity of one or the other deployment.
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